The Name Almanac

Family & Surnames

The name you didn't choose. Drawing on Census surname files, these guides look at America's most common family names and the history inside them — surnames born from occupations, places, and fathers' first names, what happened to names at Ellis Island, choices at marriage from keeping to hyphenating, and how to start tracing your own surname through the records. It's the other half of how many of you there are.

Family & Surnames

8 guides
Family & Surnames

How to Trace Your Surname Through the Records

A practical guide to surname genealogy: which census, vital, and immigration records to pull first, and how to sort real family history from guesswork.

September 8, 2026
Family & Surnames

Surname Spellings That Drifted: Why Your Cousins Spell It Differently

Why one surname ends up with several spellings, from phonetic clerks and anglicization to deliberate splits, and how to trace the variants yourself.

September 8, 2026
Family & Surnames

The Ellis Island Name-Change Story Is Mostly a Myth

Ellis Island inspectors did not rename immigrants. Here is what actually reshaped immigrant surnames, and how to trace what happened to yours.

September 8, 2026
Family & Surnames

Changing Your Name After Marriage: Every Option Compared

A practical, evenhanded comparison of every option for changing your name after marriage: paperwork order, state quirks, and what each choice means long-term.

August 2, 2026
Family & Surnames

Hyphenated Last Names: The Complete, Practical Guide

How hyphenated last names actually work: whose name goes first, what happens on forms and passports, and what kids inherit. A practical guide.

August 1, 2026
Family & Surnames

What Your Last Name Says About Your Family History

Your last name origin reveals a job, a father, a hometown, or a nickname. Learn to read the suffixes, spellings, and regional clues in your surname.

July 31, 2026
Family & Surnames

Where Surnames Come From: Trades, Places, and Fathers

Why Smith, Johnson, and Hill became last names: the true history of occupational, patronymic, locative, and descriptive surnames.

July 30, 2026
Family & Surnames

The Most Common Last Names in America (and Why)

Smith, Johnson, Garcia: the 2010 Census ranked America's top surnames. The occupational, patronymic, and immigration story behind each one.

July 29, 2026

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